Background Study of the Effect of Study Habit

Background Study of the Effect of Study Habit on the Academic Performances of 3rd Year H. S Students S. Y 2012 – 2013 Study habit is a technique or a strategy used every time a person is studying. Some students would have the same study habit or may have a different one. It depends on whether a specific study habit is effective for them. The stress on good study habits will undoubtedly improved the students’ level of performance. Study habits are important on the part of the students so that it can make use of their time effectively and purposely instead of wasting their time with insufficient study accomplishments.It is a common knowledge that many students fail in studying; even those who work hard often study in ways considered unproductive. Several others are just contented with barely passing grades, never developing their skills and abilities to the highest level attainable. What to study, where to study and how to study are indispensable to every student in class . In fact, proper study habits are the tool for acquiring deeper understanding in different subjects.Good study habits largely influence the level of performance of the student on the subject. In view of this, the researcher proposes to conduct their study on the study habits of students to help the teachers raise the level of performance of their students through the development of proper study habits. The growing number of low performers on the subject point to the need for the redirection and development of students study attitudes and practices in the teaching learning process. The research work is an attempt to address to this need.

Identifying Major Depressive Disorder

We, as human beings at some point would feel low, unstable and sometimes would not know how to exactly describe what we feel bout certain things. Most often it is unknown to us that we are maybe suffering from mood disorders, we become unaware of ourselves. Mood disorders are portrayed by having wide swing of emotions; it ranges from deep depression to extreme excitement, exhilaration or euphoria and agitation. There are actually two forms of mood disorder; the first one is depression and the other is bipolar respectively. Mania is characterized by intense and or unrealistic feelings of excitement and euphoria, and depression involves feelings of extraordinary sadness and dejection. In some cases wherein mania and depression comes together it is known to be bipolar, in which a person with this disorder would have to feel extreme excitement and deep sadness simultaneously. When depression exists for the longest time it is called dysthymia. It is known to be similar with major depression but it is a long term disorder, it is mild and not an acute (Dinsmoor., December, 2002). Symptoms of depression The symptoms of depression can be manifested easily in a person. These symptoms are actually various and it can be easily recognized. A person with a depression would have the symptoms of having difficulty in sleeping; they do not get their sleep easily because their minds are restless and due to this they would feel stressed or fatigued. It can also be the other way around; people with depression can also be recognized if they sleep excessively. They would also loose their appetite and would usually loose weight or they would do excessive eating and gain weight. It can also manifest in their activities; people with depression would loose their attraction in their activities that they do find pleasurable. Major depression disorder can also come with the loosing the appetite for sex or having sexual problems; it can also be accompanied by headaches. There is also the feeling of guilt, hopelessness, helplessness, worthlessness and one of the hardest manifestations is that they find concentrating on certain things too difficult (Association, 2000). Is Katherine suffering from major depressive disorder? Katherine has been experiencing the symptoms engaged in the mood disorder which is called major depressive disorder, in which she often wishes she were dead, she feels sad all day long and cries several times a day, she experiences disturbed sleep and, as a result, she feels fatigued all day long, she has absolutely no interest in sex or even spending time with friends, she finds it extremely difficult to concentrate at work and just does not want to be around people. If these feelings and wide variety of undeniable changes are not induced by alcohol or any drink that would make her feel down, if they are caused by a difficulty in her functions in her work or at home and if they were not caused by great sorrow I can make a systematic statement that Katherine is really suffering from major depressive disorder. And since Katherine has more than five of the symptoms attached with major depressive disorder I can say that she is really suffering from it. Katherine needs to be treated while she is still in the early stage of her depression or while she still can handle her situation. If she would not be immediately treated she might at some point make an attempt to kill herself or commit suicide. Treatments for major depressive disorder There are several treatments for a patient who has a major depressive disorder. There is psychotherapy or counseling for people who have depression disorder and there are various medications or drugs used in treating people who are afflicted with this disorder. Numbers of medicines are used in the cure of major depressive disorder, these actually falls into the category of anti-depressants and are further categorized into a more particular drug or medicine. Among the anti-depressants are Tricyclic anti-depressants or TCA’s which can actually relief depression by increasing the neurotransmitters’ concentration in the central nervous system. Another one is the Monoamine oxidase inhibitors or MAOI’s acts as an agent in helping break down a particular neurotransmitter which would help regulate the mood of a person to become stable or normal. The third kind of anti-depressant is the Lithium carbonate which helps in reducing the activities of the nerves in the brain; it alters the chemical balance within a particular nerve in the brain. And the last kind is the serotonin which helps in transmitting messages without interrupting the brain chemistry. Treatment for Katherine In the case of Katherine she can be treated by using both psychotherapy and medication. I would use the interpersonal and or behavioral therapy on her for me to know what triggered her depression. I need to have a background of her present relationships; her relationship with her family, her relationship with her current boyfriend, her relationship with her friends, her relationship with her officemates and her other relationships. And after having analyzed her relationship patterns I would focus on her current behaviors. I would be able to know what triggered her present behaviors also by her past behaviors or the things that had actually happened to her that might have contributed to her behavior now. Aside from these two psychotherapy some activities might help in diverting Katherine’s emotions by encouraging her to try to involve her self in activities that would be pleasurable to her, like talking to a friend to release some of her emotions or going out with someone who is sensible and nice so that she can enjoy and forget about her depression. In her medication I would just give her an anti-depressant that would suit her because it might cause further complications if I would give her inappropriate medicine. Psychotherapy and the use of medicine would result to a more improved and satisfying results rather than using therapy or counseling alone and or just by giving medications. It is really hard to know if someone is suffering from a major depression because one might not notice the symptoms right away. The most important thing is to give ones self a chance to know his or her self more. References Association, A. P. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- Fourth Edition American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. Dinsmoor., R. S. (Ed.) (December, 2002) Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Gale Group. [Electronic Version] Retrieved March 05, 2008 from http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/common/standard/transform.jsp?requestURI=/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/mood_disorders.jsp         

Effects of Peer Pressure Essay

On their study in examining the nature of peer pressure perceive by adolescent, Brown, B.Bradford, et al (1896),states that 373 students in grades 7-12 were asked to indicate, on a 12-item index, the degree and direction of peer pressures they perceived from friends and acquaintances, and to describe their personal attitudes and behavior in areas corresponding to index items. Analyses revealed that peers were seen as encouraging misconduct less than other types of behavior. Females reported stronger peer pressure than males toward conformity (to peer norms) and social involvement, but the genders did not differ in perceptions of misconduct or pro-adult pressures. Associations between perceived pressures and personal attitudes or behavior were significant but modest, and sometimes were mediated by gender or grade level. And these are the types of peers pressure a person can encounter.And also the possible risk factors they can get in facing these kind of problem According to â€Å"Elizabeth Hartney† Peers are people who are part of the same social group, so the term â€Å"peer pressure† refers to the influence that peers can have on each other. Although peer pressure does not necessarily have to be negative, the term â€Å"pressure† implies that the process influences people to do things that may be resistant to, or might not otherwise choose to do. So usually the term peer pressure refers to socially undesirable behaviors, such as experimentation with alcohol and drug use, rather than socially desirable behaviors, such as academic success, although it could be applied to either, and either could be a positive or a negative experience for the individual. According to â€Å"Kids health line (2011) â€Å"Peers are people who are part of the same social group, so the term â€Å"peer pressure† refers to the influence that peers can have on each other. Although peer pressure does not necessarily have to be negative, the term â€Å"pressure† implies that the process influences people to do things that may be resistant to, or might not otherwise choose to do. So usually the term peer pressure refers to socially undesirable behaviors, such as experimentation with alcohol and drug use, rather than socially desirable behaviors, such as academic success, although it could be applied to either, and either could be a positive or a negative experience for the individual. According to â€Å"Kids help (2008) Negative peer pressure is the type of pressure that you may find yourself wanting to ignore because it makes you feel uncomfortable. Take a second to think about that statement. Can you think of any occasions recently when you have felt uncomfortable around certain people or social settings because you felt pressured to do something to please someone else in order to fit in or not stand out?

Organized crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organized crime - Essay Example Nevertheless, there are certain features that characterize organized crime, which are used in investigating if a crime is organized. Organized crime involves an act of violation of law that had been pre-arranged. The planned criminal activity is for the purposes of making profit, and it entails use of threat, violence, and intimidation. Additionally, a lot of corruption evolves as the involved persons attempt to escape from arrest and prosecution. Cressey and Abadinsky have researched a lot on organized crime. However, their definition and understanding of organized crime differs. Cressey argues that organized crime makes available illicit goods as well as services to the society. He thus asserts that organized crime is part of the legitimate society though it provides illegitimate goods or services. Abadinsky claims that organized crimes are meant to provide goods and services required by the society. His description of organized crime emphasizes on the attributes that make a crime to be considered as an organized one. This essay focuses on Cressey’s and Abadinsky definitions of organized crime. Additionally, the essay will compare the two definitions. Howard Abadinsky defines organized crime as a non-ideological enterprise that encompasses individuals with close social ties, is planned on hierarchical foundation, with not less than three ranks and is aimed at acquiring power profits in addition to power. The enterprise attains the above by engaging in illegal as well as legal activities. The persons in the different ranks have different roles to play, which are assigned depending on one’s skills. Abadinsky asserts that the group does not have to share kinship ties to engage in organized crime. Abadinsky adds that, the members strive to make the enterprise part of their goals and are willing to use violence or corruption to attain their goals. Abadinsky argues that organized crime has no political goals and the membership is limited (Abadinsky 1- 6). On the other hand, Donald Cressey defines an organized crime as a crime that occupies a position in a social system and is planned to capitalize on profits through providing products and services that are legally forbidden but demanded by members of the society. Cressey argues that the main attributes that characterize organized crime include set up agreements, rules, and regulations that the members of the group perpetuating the crime must follow. As opposed to Abadinsky who asserts that some of the activities performed by organized crime groups are legal, Cressey argues that most of the activities performed by organized crime groups have antilegal attitude and do not comply with the code of conduct. Cressey posits that the enforcer, corruptor, as well as the corrupted persons in an organized crime are important in coordination of organized crime (Cressey and Finckenauer 70-73). Abadinsky categorized organized crime into two. He named the two categories as bureaucratic or corpo rate and the patrimonial or patron. Additionally, Abadinsky came up with certain attributes that define either of the two types of organized crime. The attributes include lack or ideological motive, occurs over an extended period, entails use of tactics or strategies, which have been planned over a long period. Another attribute is that organized crime is directed by rules in addition to code of ethics shared by the perpetrators. An additional attribute of organized crime is that it is aimed at creating monopoly on certain goods and

Jack the Ripper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jack the Ripper - Essay Example Due to the limitation of resources, women resulted into prostitution to meet their basic needs. During this time is when one serial killer who killed prostitutes by cutting their throat and removing abdominal organs and the genitalia emerged. He was believed to be well sophisticated with anatomical knowledge for the fact that he got this organs off so perfectly well. Many people believed that the killings were linked for the fact some of his victims were related in some way and the killings were committed within a short period. The victims had similar cuts, although some of the victims were not mutilated per abdomen. The victims were all killed at night with most of them being discovered early in the morning. The name Jack the ripper, came up after a letter addressed to the media from one who claimed to be the killer hit the headlines. However, it was believed that the letter was drafted by one of the media people to create more attention on the issue for further investigation and co verage. There were a number of theories that came up to figure out who Jack the Ripper was. The most prominent theory is the conspiracy theory that involved the royal family. It was believed that the killings were a high profile undertaking after Prince Albert Victor impregnated a shop girl, Annie crook. Queen Victoria’s physician brutalized Anne crook until she forgot everything and left her child with one prostitute Mary Kelly. Once this prostitute got the information, she shared it with fellow prostitutes who are believed to be the victims. It is believed that they were killed in order to save the loyal family form the humiliation they could have had incase news went out that there was an illegitimate son out there form the Prince. In another instance, Doctor Thomas Neil Cream was convicted on unrelated madder charges at News gate prison where he was executed. During the

The perils of falling inflation Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The perils of falling inflation - Article Example America also suffered the same consequences as Europe, where it was reported in September that the inflation rate dropped from 2% to 1.2% in July, and it has stayed like that for a period of time, this led Federal Reserve propose to loosen the monetary policy, they argued that this policy was working with other economies such as Japan which had not experienced low inflation for the last 15 years. Britain was seen as the only rich economy where inflation rate was doing well on an average of 2.7% overall. Therefore, this article studies the relationship between macroeconomic variables and the circulation of income in rich economies such as Europe and America. This can be the best method of stabilization when it comes to issues of policies in any given economy (Addison 1987).it Experimental analyses has received very little concentration among macroeconomists Disaggregate variables are analyzed to recognize the repercussion of restriping the macroeconomic models, but they are not measur ed as alternative helpful information. The paper tries to determine which common aggregate variables explain the pattern of relationship among individual income and macroeconomic shocks. The paper uses several measures of macroeconomic shocks which include Gross National Products (GNP) growth, real devaluation rate, unemployment, and inflation rate. All the indicators seem to affect income inequality to some extent, higher inflation reduces sectoral and education income for all populations. Aggregate variables to consider in the paper are displayed in the figure 1 below. Figure 1: Dynamic index models, sectoral income Gross National Product (GNP) (I) Surveys show consumers still expect medium term inflation to be at their reach or above the central bank’s target of 2%.but if the economy will experience high unemployment, wages and prices are eventually likely to fall. Ultra-low inflations have dangerous effects, where it tends to go with weaker economies and higher than neces sary joblessness. For example, America unemployment rate is 7.2%, Spains26.6% and France 11.1%.this means that the nominal incomes will experience slow growth than when the prices would have raised. This pushes household and governments debts impossible to pay, especially to economies with a single currency. Trade liberation mostly touched on exports promotion and imports liberalization, with reduction in tariffs for imports and attractive incentives for foreign Investments, will be an advantage to countries with a single currency like Spain and Italy to compete with big economies such as Germany with the inflation rate of 1.3%, which undermines it ability to combat more recession. This lead to the increase in fixed investments up to 30% and over as indicated in Figure 1.the changes reflects to have an increment or rise of the unemployment rate, although a recovery in economic activities would be realized after implementation of the reforms .most Rich

Galileo's Daughter underlying devotion to her father Essay

Galileo's Daughter underlying devotion to her father - Essay Example Since all the three of Galileo’s children were illegitimate, he knew it would be difficult to marry them off, which is why he sent two of his daughters to convents, to become nuns. Born Virginia Galilei, Galileo’s eldest daughter was a great source of support and encouragement to him. She later assumed the name of Suor Maria Celeste, at the San Matteo Convent, Arcetri. Evidently, she couldn’t retrieve information about the outside world and her correspondence with her father allowed her to learn and obtain news from outside. Galileo’s daughter was of brilliant intellect and often offered suggestions and advice to her father, when he seemed in a chaotic mindset or demoralised. The letters have been written using endearing terms and portray the great love and respect that Maria Celeste had for her father. The discussions revealed the deep interest she had in her father’s scientific work, wherein she often offered her opinions. Besides this, they also discussed extensively on health remedies and other family issues. In these pages, Maria Celeste is revealed as lively, insightful, ingenious. In the convent, she served as an apothecary, having learned the trade from "the nuns and visiting doctors who staffed the convents infirmary" (p. 325). Sobel speculates, however, that she learned to read and write in Latin and Italian under her fathers tutelage. Indeed, "no one at San Matteo surpassed her in language skills. Even the abbesses sought her out to write important letters of official business" (p. 325). In Sobels view, it is Suor Maria Celeste --- far more than her cloistered younger sister or her wayward, undisciplined brother --- who met Galileos match in intelligence, insight, devotion, and wit.

Traditional And Citizen-Based Forms Of Journalism Essay

Traditional And Citizen-Based Forms Of Journalism - Essay Example The professional media draw their organizational authority and charge from their production of their work within the journalism norms. This means that traditional journalism entails professionally paid staff, officially recognized by the press (Reese et al., 2007). Such members of staff are trained and proficient in the journalistic dexterity and often have formal or ceremonial training. Advertising and subscriber support provides traditional journalism with the means to extensively distribute their listed product such as news, shows, and events. On the contrary, citizen journalism has its emergence from individuals and citizenry interest factions seeking to articulate thoughts or position within the civic discourse. Participants in the citizen journalism need not hold traditional journalistic code as a prerequisite for participation. By designation, these citizenry media command less financial feasibility and may be based on a subsidy, non-profit, or no revenue model at all (Reese e t al., 2007). Contributors only require motivation and willingness to have a word with the public. Unlike traditional journalism, citizen journalism creates lively and interactive conversations on personal sites, NGO) websites, chain emails, social media platforms, and message boards. Apparently, as shown above, the two models of journalism though having the same objective- informing the public of trends and news, they have distinct structures and approaches in operations for efficient service delivery.  

Ethics Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethics Case Analysis - Essay Example On discussing with her general manager and later her immediate boss, she was instructed by both managers to push the product through despite the results of the quality tests being negative. Lauren was uncomfortable signing off a fraudulent report owing to the under standard nature of the product but overriding the decisions of the managers could result in problems. Lauren could not inform upper management because of the risk of victimization by her immediate and supervisor manager. This case analysis aims to analyze the quality management decision-making where Laurent has to decide on signing off a substandard product or inform upper management to allow for the production of a quality product by stating the ethical issue, analyzing stakeholders, developing alternatives, using different ethical approaches, and choosing a course of action. The ethical issue in the case involves making a decision that will have impacts on several stakeholders by signing or not signing off a substandard product. The issue is most critical to management in several aspects including the customers receiving an under quality product that will not work as anticipated, breakdown, or underperform making them buy another product. The customers will have been affected by decisions made by Lauren’s company on signing off the product in the current state or improving it to meet quality standards. The customers will know the defect of the product affecting the reputation of Lauren’s company.

Goal statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Goal statement - Essay Example Interdependent when it involves patient’s plan of care development, working together with the doctors, therapists, patient and patients family, and coordinating the patient care performed by other members of an interdisciplinary health care team. Their roles are defined as independent when it is the nurses that are involved exclusively in the care of the patient. The nursing profession is guided by ethical standards set by bodies such as the American nursing association that rates how efficient the nurses are in identifying the patient’s source of pain ad bringing that patient relief (Hogan Et al, 2014). How effectively are the nurses communicating with the patient’s doctors, family, and the patient in acting as a bridge between the patient and all those around him? How effectively are the nurses meeting the patient’s emotional requirements, as care is a wholesome approach? How well are the caregivers responding to the needs of the concerned family such as strain, stress? The main reasons for seeking advance sociality preparation in the nursing profession include career advancement. The goal of the nurse may be to join other leaders in the realms of the top administration of a facility. Obtaining an advanced degree is essential in reaching your professional goal within the upper levels of nursing management. The other reason is salary increment. Irrespective of the field of choice or the geographical region of ones practice, advanced specialty preparation, guarantees the nurse some increase in benefits and allowances enjoyed. The nurse enjoys more flexibility this is because the nurse may choose whether to operate a full time or part time work schedule. The chances of autonomy are significantly increased once one take an advanced specialty course because the nurse is in a position to establish their independent practice (Hogan Et al, 2014). The reasons for choosing to specialize in

My Sisters Keeper Essay Example for Free

My Sisters Keeper Essay I am discussing the movie, â€Å"My Sisters Keeper,† the moral dilemma in the movie is not revealed until the end; Kate has put her sister Anna up to suing her parents for the rights of her own medical decisions so that in actuality Kate can die in peace; in essence voluntary passive euthanasia. The dilemma described in the movie is immoral based on the Categorical Imperative by Immanuel Kant. Immanuel Kant’s Categorical Imperative rejects the view that a person’s actions are good or bad based on solely on the consequences of those actions; Kantians emphasize that a person is praised or blamed for their actions based on the intentions with which they act. This film explores the medical, legal, ethical and moral issues related to long term illness and discusses some of the bioethical issues around the experimental technique known as pre-implantation genetic diagnosis. It presents many ethical dilemmas when a couple chooses to genetically engineer a baby to create a bone marrow match for their terminally ill daughter. That creation is Anna Fitzgerald, who is beginning to wonder about her place in the world and questions her on going donations in order to save her sister’s, Kate’s life. Anna feels that her existence is defined by her ability to save her sister. That type of knowledge of such form of conception must have some sort of psychological ramifications upon a growing child. If I knew that I was a test tube baby, it would make living a little less extraordinary because it takes away the romance of creating life. â€Å"Most babies are accidents. Not me. I was engineered, born to save my sisters life. †Those opening words are spoken by Anna Fitzgerald, an 11-year-old girl who was conceived in vitro as a genetic match for her leukemia-stricken older sister Kate. Whenever a part of Kate’s body fails, Anna’s parents Sara and Brian immediately offer up the needed part of Annas body for donation.

Unity-Mountain Climbing Competition from Shibo Essay Example for Free

Unity-Mountain Climbing Competition from Shibo Essay Preparation for reading: We love the shibo, love the shibo vibrant, love the big stage of the shibo, love the shibo unity, love every employee from shibo. Mountain climbing competition held in Gongyi Fuxi Mountain is just a miniature of shibo.. On the steps of spring, the Mountaineering climbing Competition jointly organized by shibo International Trade Department and e-commerce Department held in Gongyi Fuxi Mountain on April 3, 2012. the company attaches great importance to the activities, Dong Maosheng, the General manager of company jointly participate in the mountaineering game. With the order of â€Å"Ready, Go! †, everybody sprints to the Fuxi Mountain â€Å"peak†. In the game, players vied with each other, reflecting the courage first to the sense of competition and hard work of consciousness. at the same time, they help each other in the game, hand in hand, showing a good team spirit . After 30 minutes of intense competition, everybody arrived in end one by one. , company leadership comrade issued souvenirs. After mountain climbing competition, The general manager Dong Mao Cheng represent the company leadership to encourage everyone that quarter fully approved. He hope everyone strengthen the collective consciousness, sense of innovation to improve the cohesion and combat effectiveness and execution in future work . At the same time, he hope that each staff member can be fully and improve their quality, multi-skill all-rounder. The event will not only exercise everyone’s fitness, ease the work pressure, and promote communication between employees, but also to create a healthy, progressive and positive team atmosphere.

Self Care Strategies for Counsellors

Self Care Strategies for Counsellors Byrne et al. (2006) indicates that therapists can be at risk of burnout and impairment if they do not manage their professional stress well. Practicing therapists may exhibit symptoms of burnout and may suffer from symptoms of VT (El-Ghoroury et al., 2012). Graduate students in helping fields are vulnerable to stress because of the multiple demands of graduate school, such as academic assignments, clinical practice, and financial restrictions (Myers et al., 2012). Time and financial constraints have been cited as primary sources of stress among graduate students in training (El-Ghoroury et al., 2012). Student trainees may face the additional responsibilities and time demands of clinical work, supervision, and internship. In addition to aforementioned stressors, other common stressors in this population include performance anxiety, competition, program requirements, lack of experience, and professional relationships (Myers et al., 2012). Myers et al. (2012) indicate that students in t raining have to cope with these stressors and their new roles, while concurrently fostering their skills necessary for providing therapeutic services to clients. Therefore, educators and supervisors need to understand the role of stress among students to provide guidance on effective stress management and self-care (Myers et al., 2012). Without well-established support systems and coping strategies, novice trainees may have difficulties of managing the stress (El-Ghoroury et al., 2012). Forrest et al. (2008) provide an ecological description by indicating systemic factors for trainee impairment, including faculty interactions (micro), institutional (exo) and national (macro) policies, and hierarchical issues (micro). Societal hierarchical dynamics are unconscious and deeply embedded in the training process. Forrest et al. (2008) further indicates the importance of communication (meso) between academic programs and off-campus training sites such as practicum and internship settings. Besides, program structure (exo) may evoke unnecessary stresses for students. Systematic issues of program policy are often ignored while play a powerful role in student impairment. Forrest et al. (2008) comment that the understanding of trainee impairment should cover an individual level (center) and a contextual system level (micro, meso, exo, macro, and chrono). The authors suggest that trainees not meeting minimum standards of professional competence are influenced by peers (micro), t raining supervisors (micro), program policies and structures (exo), accreditation (e.g., CACREP; macro), professional associations (e.g., ACA; macro). In addition to being stressors, financial (micro) and time constraints (micro) may also be important barriers to participation in activities of self-care that may help buffer stress (El-Ghoroury et al., 2012). The existing literature has noted a significant relationship between self-care strategy and stress among therapist trainees (Myers et al., 2012). A wide range of self-care strategies have been found to reduce stress-related symptoms. Self-care strategy is defined as the engagement in behaviors that promote well-being and may include factors such as sleep, exercise, use of social support, emotion regulation strategies, and mindfulness practice (Myers et al., 2012). According to El-Ghoroury et al. (2012), lack of time was the first barrier to using or learning any of these coping strategies. The steadily rising expenses associated with graduate training are also a significant concern for students. Students may need to sacrifice their leisure time for earning a living (e.g., part- time job; micro). Given the significant amount of stress during higher education, elucidating the behavioral and emotional coping strategies by educators (micro) is important for helping them handle stress more effectively. Social support and engaging in activities that promote social support may be considered an aspect of self-care practice (Myers et al., 2012). Social support has negative correlation with stressful, emotional and physical problems (El-Ghoroury et al., 2012). Graduate program support (micro) and family support (micro) have been found to be related to graduate student stress level (Myers et al., 2012). Students reported less stressful events and health problems when perceived more support from their family and friends (Myers et al., 2012). Besides, consistent, trusting, and supportive faculty-student interactions may help students in managing stress. Support from faculty, advising relationships, and training programs are also critical for students to adapt to new professional roles. Global stress and poor advisor support were found to be associated with burnout and career dissatisfaction in therapist trainees. The importance of mentoring relationships (micro) is highlighted in career de velopment, academic functioning and satisfaction, among student trainees. The top three coping strategies reported are the support from friends, family, and classmates, rather than supervisors. Students who have difficult relationships with their advisors tend to have more stress. The quality of the mentoring relationship is associated with students’ professional outcomes. Pack (2013) indicates that on the level of microsystem, support from peer (micro) and agencies (micro) are important as well as the availability of personal therapy (micro). Opportunities to share experiences of working with trauma victims and information about VT needs to be available in all settings (micro). For example, settings should provide peer supervision and training workshops to help therapists ameliorate VT (Pack, 2013). Information on worker rights may assist in supporting therapists to collectively advocate for their work. Pack (2013) further indicates that on the organizational level, health and safety issues should be addressed within setting policy (exo). The risks of engaging potentially traumatic events need to be explained during the recruitment of new employees. Possible cumulative effects of working with trauma clients should be raised with therapists. Pack (2013) suggests that the risks of VT can be reduced if there a setting (micro) provides sufficient support and collaborative approaches for therapists. Settings can inform trainees the views of trauma practitioners about the trauma therapy. An experienced therapist (micro) may be able to mentor trainees or students. Supervisors have a responsibility for ensuring their trainees have access to education about VT. The culture (exo) of the agency could also be the support for ameliorating VT (Pack, 2013). The culture here includes peer support within daily case meetings and non-hierarchical collaborative decision making. Having a culture which s ees VT as a normal part of trauma-related helping would effectively ameliorate VT. The culture can provide sense of security for the therapists while working with traumatized clients (Pack, 2013). This idea suggests that in graduate training program, the culture (exo) and the program (micro) should provide a supportive environment to prevent students from developing VT. Ethnic minority students may face a somewhat different pattern of stressors during graduate training than non-minority students (Myers et al., 2012; El-Ghoroury et al., 2012). These additional stressors include racial discrimination, racial prejudice, the feeling of isolation, and different cultural expectations (macro, chrono), which negatively impacted school experience. Furthermore, minority students who reported the stressors had higher rates of burnout, depressive symptoms, and reduced quality of life (Myers et al., 2012). The authors also indicate that minority students and international graduate students are actually less likely to use counseling services in response to stressors. Racial minority students often experience more academic stress and less social support than students of Euro-American descent, which may be attributable to race-related stress and vulnerability of developing VT (El-Ghoroury et al., 2012). It is important to consider cultural differences when consider ing stress among student trainees. Adams and Riggs (2008) indicate that students with personal trauma history (chrono) are more vulnerable to VT in courses on trauma. At the moments of reexperiencing, students with trauma history described their struggling with coping as avoidance. Students also reported having little control over the experience of VT symptoms. Adams and Riggs (2008) describe these adaptive coping strategies used by students, including suppression, sublimation, and humor. By the end of this course, most students reported developing effective self-care strategies. This finding suggests that although many students with trauma history (chrono) may revisit their own trauma symptoms during trauma courses, the course on trauma (micro) helped students develop successful self-care strategies. Pack (2013) also addresses the importance of personal trauma history, and recommends that agencies should provide personal therapy (micro) for therapists affected by clients’ trauma information due to their own tr auma history. Adams and Riggs (2008) reported that novice clinicians may be more vulnerable to VT. The authors indicate that the level of training and experience working with traumatized patients is related to clinician outcomes. The deficits in trauma-specific training are associated with VT symptoms. Black (2008) indicates that graduate counseling students may have preexisting factors (chrono) in their lives that form a vulnerability to developing VT later in their careers. Therefore, Graduate training programs (micro) should work on preventing students in training from being traumatized or becoming more vulnerable to future VT (Black, 2008). DePrince et al. (2011) indicate that the lack of trauma education at the graduate levels increases the urgency to develop effective training for postgraduate professionals. Training and education practices which support system-wide, culturally responsive practice is important for preventing VT (DePrince et al., 2011). Even if students do not have preexistin g events that might predispose them to VT, teaching a course on trauma may prevent students from becoming overwhelmed in training (Black, 2008). Pack (2013) also recommends that training courses (e.g., practicum and internship) need to alert students to the potential risks of affecting their psychological health due to the trauma-related practice. Resources such as theoretical models fostering recovery are needed to ameliorate VT.

Colonialism and Independence in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart :: Things Fall Apart essays

Things Fall Apart - Colonialism and Independence "Turning and turning in the widening gyre The Falcon cannot hear the falconer; Things fall apart; the center cannot hold; Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world." ~W.B. Yeats, "The Second Coming" This excerpt is almost a summary of Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart. Things Fall Apart is a novel about nineteenth century Nigeria, before colonialism and the granting of independence. It is a story of a great wrestler and elder of a Nigerian clan comprised of several villages. It tells about his life from start to finish in great detail. Towards the end of the novel, the reader is introduced to colonialism. This colonialism is what the anarchy is the above quote is referring to. The falcon represents the young generation of the clan; the falconer represents the elders. This is a story of how things really do fall apart. The story is centered around Okonkwo, a great wrestler and elder of the clan. He is the son of an indolent man, who was constantly in debt. Okonkwo's father was often referred to as a woman, which was a great insult. Growing up, Okonkwo develops a phobia of becoming his father, and does everything is his power not to. With this phobia came an abominable stubbornness. His first step in becoming a "real man" (opposed to his father) was to prove his strength, in doing so he became the great wrestler of his clan. Doing so earned him a lot of accolades and honours. He earned a lot of land, and married three different wives. However, with all of his fame and fortune, he was unable to escape his internal conflicts due to his stubbornness and his becoming frustrated easily. One example of this was when a young male warrior and a young virgin girl were sent to Okonkwo's village in exchange (as a sacrifice) for a heinous crime committed against his clan. This was a crime that otherwise would have resulted in an all out war; a war which Okonkwo's clan and village would have earned an easy victory. The young boy is sent to live with Okonkwo and his family for quite some time. During this time Okonkwo becomes very attached to him, so attached that it seems as if the boy is one of his own.

tempcolon The Theme of Colonization in The Tempest Essay example -- T

The Theme of Colonization in The Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Colony-A member or inhabitant of a colony.   A body of emigrants who settle in a remote region but remain under the control of a parent country.   --Webster's Dictionary    Can Prospero be defined as a type of colonist?   He does, after all, impose his presence onto an island already inhabited by somebody else, take over control and enslave his predecessor, while at the same time still remaining under the control of his native land.   If Prospero represents the colonist, or the white man, then Caliban serves as his counterpart in this discussion.   Critics have argued in the past that The Tempest's representation of Caliban relates Caliban to the black man, because Caliban, like African Americans of early times, is conquered and forced into slavery against his will.   Caliban thus becomes a representative of the colonized man.   Critics have pointed out that this device seems to fit the bill because of the Caribbean like location of the play; it is foreign and strange and not the native home of the white man who comes to discover it and claim it as his own.   At the same time, if the audience takes this interpretation to light, Prospero thus emerges as the white man, or the colonist.   Caliban thus serves to represent native cultures, while Prospero serves to represent colonizing cultures, like the British of Shakespeare's time.   The parallel of Prospero's domination of Caliban as compared to the Europeans colonization of the Africans, which was a topic of Shakespeare's time, becomes relevant upon closer examination.    This interpretation can be found within the consistent arguments between Prospero and Caliban.   Prospero feels the island is his; he rightfully won it fro... ... they were the original owners of the island, without the power to regain the island or their native land, they will never have the ability to be able to call the land solely their own again.    Works Cited Brown, Paul.   "This thing of darkness I acknowledge mine: The Tempest and the discourse of colonialism."   New York: Collimore and Sinfield, 1985.   pp. 48-71. Davis, Angela.   Women, Race and Class.   London: Women's Press, 1982. Fanon, Frantz.   Black Skins, White Masks.   London: Pluto Press, 1986. Griffiths, Trevor.   "This island's mine: Caliban and Colonialism."   Yearbook of English Studies 13.   New York: Harcourt Brace.   Pp. 159-80. Mannoni, O., Prospero and Caliban: The Psycholgoy of Colonization.   New York: Praeger, 1964. Nixon, Rob.   "Caribbean and African appropriations of The Tempest."   Critical Inquiry 13 Spring 1987 pp. 557-77.

Home Schooling Essay -- Teaching Public Schools

Home Schooling1 Homeschool Children Homeschooling was practiced until about 150 years ago, when schools were established as educational institutes. Nowadays, homeschooling begins to develop and become more widespread again, because the school system is claimed by many people to be failing due to the typical educational plans that bring up stereotype groups of children with the same background. Accordingly, a minority of people preferred to follow homeschooling, which is teaching children at home, in order to bring up unique children with different backgrounds. â€Å"For some students, school can be extremely compromising to their ability, their creativity, and their sense of self † (Staehle). There are more reasons that support and encourage parents to homeschool their children, such as the expected rich personalities of children, their safety, and their lifestyle that might be positively affected by homeschooling. Parents believe that homeschooling truly affects the personality of their children. It helps them have a close relationship with their parents, since they spend most times of the day with them. Naima, my English language professor’s daughter, declares this in a personal interview. This strong bond gives children the ability to learn and get more attention from their parents. They gain the advantages of the familial relationship and its benefits. They are close to their brothers, sisters, parents, and friends, who are of different ages, and this ...

Analyse the policies of the Japanese towards Essay

Analyse the policies of the Japanese towards the civilians in East and Southeast Asia between 1937 and 1945, including their implementation and impacts. Evaluate two sources in your answer. Identify components and the relationship between them; draw out and relate implications Hashimoto once said ‘Japan’s national structure is the highest principle of mankind. All the countries must form an organic unity, with Japan as brains, growing and developing as a living being under the supreme guidance of His Excellency the Emperor’ This quote best summarises the policy of the Japanese during this period of time. Japanese expansionist policies and how they were implemented and impacted upon civilians will be further explained throughout the essay. The two sources that will be evaluated are ‘Higher than Heaven’ by Rick Tanaka and Tony Barrel and Group Psychology of the Japanese in War Time, by Iritani. The official Japanese policy was to â€Å"ensure self preservation and self defence of the Empire and to create a new world order. † This was outlined in the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere which aimed to create an Asian society with Japan being the leader. They wished to see the countries revolt against their colonial powers and hoped to fill the void left by the colonial power. However, when this did not happen the Japanese military leaders decided to impose their ideology by force. Japanese domination would only be possible if the other nations embraced and eventually assimilated into Japanese culture. Hence, most of Japanese policy was directed towards the assimilation of cultures. Official policies outlined in the ‘The Japanese blueprint for South East Asia, instructions of the Japanese military’ published in August 1942, include guiding the civilians so that they accept the empires policies. If civilians were not accepting the policies then political and economic pressures were to be applied to the various governments to ensure the execution of Japanese policies under strict supervision, as was done in China. Cultural assimilation was to be ensured through control over customs, religions and education. A broad aim with these was to create an atmosphere respectful of labour and to spread the Japanese culture through the empire. Eventually symbols of significance and geographical sites were to assume Japanese names (as was done by Manchuria being changed into Manchunko), a true symbol of Japanese imperialism. However, Japan lacked in raw materials so some of their policies were aimed at getting resources such as oil so that they could continue the war. Policies were aimed at rapidly securing resources of the southern areas so that the war potential of the empire would be strengthened. This caused some adverse policies towards civilians. Although the official line for the treatment of civilians was to be neither â€Å"too lenient nor too harsh†, which was supported by a document called ‘Read this and the war is already won’ which outlined that Japanese soldiers were to be humane to civilians as they were fighting the war to liberate the Asian people from colonial rule, a document called ‘Lessons for the Battlefield’ explained the treatment of civilians that occurred during the period of 1937-1945. Westerners are attacked for surrendering and it warns that death is preferable to surrender, it outlines that civilians who surrender are to be treated as below human as only lowly creatures surrender. It also calls for the Japanese soldiers to be single minded in achieving their aims. Japan had ratified the Hague Treaty but did not comply with it, instead they followed government instructions outlined in ‘Lessons for the Battlefield’. The implementation and impacts of Japanese policies caused tsunamis of shock to flow all around the world, American media reports of the atrocities caused anti-Japanese feelings to develop all over the world. In China policies were implemented with the policy of â€Å"kill all, burn all, destroy all’ to gain control. This was especially true in Nanking as outlined by ‘The rape of Nanking. ‘ Here buildings were burnt, women were raped and innocent citizens were murdered in various gruesome ways including ripping the stomachs, digging out the heart, boiling people and beheading victims. Iritani believes that this occurred due to the incredibly harsh fighting conditions in China which elevated the abnormal psychological state of the soldiers. Other historians believe that it was done in order to gain control and create a puppet regime in Nanking where Japanese assimilation could begin. In Nanking alone the impact of this policy caused the deaths of approximately 300,000 people in just six weeks. Women were captured and sent to ‘comfort stations’ to act as sex slaves although geisha houses were banned in Japan. As the war in China became longer and supply lines became inefficient Japanese soldiers began to confiscate crops and other agricultural goods, which led to food shortages and ultimately a failing of the economy. Manchunko, formerly Manchuria, became the centre of Japanese military and economic power, however the ultimate failure of Japanese economic policies caused the downfall of the Manchurian economy by 1945. The implementation of policies in Korea was the epitome of the attempt at Japanese civilisation. The Japanese language was to be used in schools and all were required to attend Shinto services although the population was mostly Buddhist. Forced labour was implemented to help achieve the aims of the Japanese, usually worked in factories making ammunition for the Japanese. Forced conscription was enforced and Koreans filled the lowest positions of the Japanese army to â€Å"show their patriotism. † Here too, women were forced to become comfort women. Nationalist movements were suppressed to ensure Japanese control. The impacts on Korea, apart from the large amounts of deaths that occurred to civilians that opposed the regime was the ultimate division of Korea along the 38th parallel. The USA and USSR government divided Korea for the purpose of accepting the surrender of Japanese troops. It was the harsh Japanese policies and their implementation that caused opposition forces to rise, including the rising of the communist anti-Japanese guerrillas in Dongbei. The conflict between North and South Korea still continues today, showing the lasting impact of the implementation of Japanese policies. The Japanese invasion of the Philippines in 1941 brought with it the implementation of Japanese policies including the â€Å"three all† policies brought widespread destruction to the Island, especially in Manilla where many civilians were killed. Although a ‘co-operative government’ was established in 1943, the failure of Japanese economic policies caused such devastation to the Philippines that several hundred million dollars were needed to recover the economy at the end of the war. In French Indo-China rice paddies were converted to jute for the war effort and forced labour was imposed. In Burma workers were forced to work on the Burma-Thailand railway, conditions were so harsh that 90,000 workers were killed. These harsh conditions caused the formation of the Anti-Fascist People’s Freedom League which resisted the weak Japanese installed government. In Malaya and Singapore all Chinese civilians were arrested immediately as they were suspected of supporting Chiang Kai-shek, implementation of the Japanese policy of total control. The Japanese saw the importance of Singapore as a military base and maintained strict control of it by the Japanese military and secret policy. Malay workers were also forced to work on the Burma-Thai railway. The worsening of working conditions and the extremely harsh requisitioning of men and materials caused the eventual rise of opposition including the group led by Lim Bo Seng. The Dutch East Indies was seen as a ‘jewel’ by the Japanese as it contained oil, and hence the control of this was particularly important. Assimilation attempts included the forced study of the Japanese language and the forced singing of the Japanese national anthem to show patriotism. Impacts have included the death of up to four million people and Japanese training of young military men formed the nucleus of the post war independence army. Japanese policies also caused economic hardships. All countries occupied by Japan during the war had similar impacts such the mistreatment and subsequent death of civilians and adverse economic impacts. All nations also suffered a substantial psychological impacts from the years of harsh oppression, as described by Lai Yeo, who was a comfort woman to the Japanese. â€Å"The impact of Japanese policies did not end with their rule, the emotional scars will be something I will have to bear forever†¦ † Source Evaluation Wantanabe Shoichi – claimed that the harsh treatment of Japanese did not occur, the Nanking massacres were fictional A Japanese nationalist Doesn’t match other sources Saburo Inega – Campaigned against the censorship of Japanese textbooks that omitted out the atrocities Book written to show the Japanese policies the nake realities of the pacific war More reliable Iritani – 3rd generation Japanese American Useful as provides both perspectives and reasons for acts of atrocities Delves into the psyche Matches with other sources Lai Yeo – article on the internet First hand experience of Japanese brutality Matches with other sources although it seems to be a bit exaggerated Psychological state seems fragile, memories may be disrupted.

Impact of Events on Our Lives

Event generally refers to any happening or occurrence it meaner any thing significant happened. Event Is a phenomenon, any observable or an extraordinary occurrence. Event Is great way to let member know about upcoming conferences, Events are of many kinds such as a birthday, a wedding, concerts, parties etc. Death of some one, or any other incident that has occurred. Events are not necessarily good and happening but they are bad too.Depending on their nature events effect our lives in many ways such as if something good had happened it will effect us in a positive way similarly if something bad or wrong and depressing had happened then it will have a negative effect on us. Thus events play a vital role in our lives depending upon their nature and occurrence. : â€Å"Event is something that happens or something that takes place; an occurrence, a social gathering or activity may also be termed as an event†. LIFE: As long as I remember the first event that comes to my mind is en tering school and the start tot my school elite.At the age of 4 my preschool started, thus my world enlarged from my home to my school. Meeting new people and developing new relations I. E. Relearn of teacher and student, and friendship the most Important aspects of this event. Before joining school the only people knew were my family members and some other relatives but my school broadened my social circle which then included my teachers, my friends and many other people who accompanied me from my way to school and home, which predominantly include my bus fellows.Thus this event gave me knowledge, developed thinking abilities in me. And gave me a vision to enlighten my life with the power of knowledge. It gave me an understanding o meet new people. Know them and most important of all it blessed me with gift of friends who are an Important part of my life, with whom I played, shared my feelings, sometime had fights but at the end everything was perfectly fine. After 5th standard I h ad to move over to another school which again was another event regarding my educational life.Initially there was a fear of the new environment, new people and obviously the new class, but there was no way out rather than to prepare my self for the new school. So there came a day when I said bye to my old school and entered ewe one, here there was more strictness regarding deadlines and the load of study also Increased. But It took no time to me to adjust In the environment the major reason was again finding new friends who help me, took care of me and were always there for me when I needed them. This event my learning abilities and also developed in me sportsman sprit as during this time actively participated in sports.Then this chapter life had to close with the open of new event that was to enter collage this event again added to my experience, knowledge and skills, with the placement of colonization abilities and confidence to meet new people and face new challenges. The breatht aking event that happened during this time was the earthquake and disasters of 8th October. It shocked me from inside as I saw the demolished houses, schools and other buildings, crying mothers, yelling children and needy people, to be kind to all human beings and to have faith in ALLAH and also it strengthened my believe as a Muslim that everything in this world is temporary.There were many other events that remained a part of my academic years which are top positions in class and getting trophies as a reward. This gave me and my family a lot of happiness as well it gave me motivation to work harder and to become regular and responsible. There were many sports events which gave me pride whenever I succeed and in case of failure I learned to never be in despair but to try and try Picnics, welcome and farewell parties were also a part of this. They were again. Always a source of Joy, and they made me fresh.I am the oldest among my siblings thus the births of all my siblings were most Joyous events of my life. These events brought a sense of responsibility in me as being elder it was my duty to take care of y younger brothers and sisters. These events also taught me to be kind and gentle towards younger, and they also made me very playful, as playing with my younger siblings was and still is an important activity in my life. The yearly event of everyone's life is the arrival of his or her birthday.So in my life too each birthday brings loads of love, blessings and happiness in my life. The wishes of my parent's, siblings, friends and all other people make me feel their love, affection and care towards me and I feel blessed the whole year long as I have the feeling that their love ND prayers are always with me. My excitement increases many folds if someone celebrates my birthday. Other than excitement birthday brings some maturity in me as I think about the year I have passed and critically analyzed whatever I have done.I cheer upon my successes and learn from th e mistakes. Marriages of my close relatives are also very exciting events. Such event give source of Joys and celebrations, moreover, there is a chance of meeting those relatives with whom I haven't met for a long time. Thus these events remind me of our traditions and leave me fresh and happy. The arrival of Ramadan and the celebrations of two aids are also very important events in my life. In the month of Ramadan Allah showers His blessings upon us.Thus in Ramadan I have the feeling of being blessed, I abstain myself from those things that are disliked by Allah and I find spiritual peace. Aids are wonderful and exciting events, getting new clothes, meeting people after a long time, get-together and rejoicing the old memories are all part of my did. Thus my energy is boost up, I remain active and happy. One sad event that I recall is when my aunt had brain hemorrhage and is now paralyzed. I was very depressed those days and felt very bad for her. With the passage of time everything came back to normal and was l. UT the impact of this event stayed, as I learned to take care of patients, to serve and to entertain them, to make them simile so that they forget their worries and pain and get a feeling that they are not alone, people love them and care for them. There is another sad event that I remember is my aunt's death. Her death was a shock for all of us as Just a day before her death she came to our house and spent the whole day with us, we had the lunch together and she talked to us for a ere long time and then after having tea with us in the evening she left.We had a great time with her and the very next day when we were talking about her suddenly we came to know about her death, this news was a great shock for all of us and none of us was ready to admit the fact that she is no more with us. Her sudden death a life that is afterwards. This event also helped me to become a good Muslim and a good human being. These were some of the vital events, I have come a cross and they have indeed left a mark on my feelings, behavior and response towards certain scenarios.

Populist Party’s Premature Fall into Obscurity Essay

Towards the end of the 19th Century, agricultural discontent was growing among the nation’s farmers. In the South, cotton that was selling for roughly 30 cents per pound after the Civil War was, at times, worth under six cents in the 1890’s. Wheat from the Midwest that had sold at $1.50 per bushel after the Civil War brought in 60 cents in the 1890’s. The nation’s agricultural base was tired of getting the raw deal from politicians, and finally made their voice heard through the Populist Party. When it first stepped onto the public stage, the party was very successful. However, the success was relatively short lived. While a number of factors contributed to the demise of the Populist Party, the failed election of 1896 played an integral role in its fall due to its inability to find a strong figurehead. The Populist Party formed from Alliances that had come from farm radicalism. Many of the Alliances were statewide, and most formed in the late 1870’s. Eventually, using the success of minor farm groups who had won elections, the Populist Party formed from southern and western farmers. Although there was a large group of northerners that was sympathetic to the party, it still tended to vote Republican. The party’s first convention, held in Omaha, Nebraska, brought in a variety of groups, including the Knights of Labor. The People’s (Populist) Party was trying to attract anyone and everyone to join its cause. General James B. Weaver of Iowa was nominated for President, and his running mate was a Confederate veteran. The party’s platform was very widespread, and it bordered on socialistic. The platform included graduated income tax,  national ownership of utilities, a subtreasury, and bimetallism. To please industrial workers, the party also advocated eight hour workdays, restriction of â€Å"undesirable† immigration, and it also shunned Pinkerton detectives. The party’s main supporters were still, however, the farmers. In order to raise prices on agricultural products, it supported unlimited coinage of silver, increasing the amount of money in circulation, and also allowing the holding of agricultural products off the market in times of low prices. In the 1860’s, the amount of silver it took to make a silver dollar was actually worth more than $1, which made coining the metal unprofitable. However, with the discovery of a large number of silver deposits in 1874, it again became plausible to coin the money. However, the Coinage Act of 1873 demonetized the metal and put the U.S. on the Gold Standard. This â€Å"Crime of ’73† infuriated inflationists and silver miners, who demanded a return to bimetallism. In 1878, the Bland-Allison Act made for the purchase of $2-4 million of silver per month, at market value. The government always bought the minimum, however, and this did very little to the economy. In 1890, the Sherman Silver Purchase Act required 4.5 million ounces of silver to be bought monthly, but even this was not enough to save the plummeting value of silver. As no one was happy with the compromises, Grover Cleveland repealed the Sherman Silver Purchase Act in 1893, which reverted the country back to a gold standard, and caused the southern and western democrats to split from the party. These issues were still present for the election of 1896. The Democratic nomination for President, William Jennings Brian, was also supported by the Populists. While they feared losing their individual identity, they had no candidate of their own that could win the election. As a matter of fact, a pure Populist nominee would ensure McKinley’s election. In an attempt to preserve the party’s identity, the Populists nominated a vice-president separate from the Democrats’. Although Brian managed to win the South, the Plains states, and the Rocky Mountains, McKinley pulled out the rest, and won with 271 electoral votes to Bryan’s 176. Brian lost in the popular votes by fewer than 600,000 votes. The lost election spelled the end of the Populist Party. In addition to the lost presidential election, the party also lost many local and state elections. The South divided again, because their support of blacks went against their white supremacy beliefs, which caused a great rift. In addition, the western farmers’ agendas were quite different from those of the southerners, which caused another split in the already wounded party. It was just a matter of time before the party faded into obscurity. The Populist Party, while short-lived, did bring a number of issues to America’s attention. The silver debates, agricultural economy, and many other arguments brought forth by the populists were still argued after their demise following the Election of 1896. Without the populists, the gold standard may have remained longer, and we may have even retained it today. The populists challenged things everyday Americans took for granted, and taught us a valuable lesson. Things can be changed, and those changes, while hard to bring about, can be for the betterment of the entire nation.

The Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Anton Ermakov Period 4 US History Essay The Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki On August 6th, 1945, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan, and then, three days later, dropped another bomb on Nagasaki. Since both bombs were dropped, there has been controversy over this important event. Some people feel strongly that the United States was justified in the decision to drop the bombs, whereas many other people believe that it was not necessary to bomb Japan at that point in the war.Write a five-paragraph essay in which you state your opinion on this difficult issue and then explain, describe, and support your point of view with examples and details. The atomic bombings of the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki occupy an important place among the most controversial events in the history of humanity. Even though almost seventy years passes since these events, their morality and justification are still questioned extensively by both scholars and ordinary people. In my opinion, the bombings were a grim necessity, which gave the US an opportunity to avoid heavy casualties and conclude the war triumphantly. In this essay, I am going to explain my views and provide arguments in favor of my point of view. Personally, I believe that using the deadliest weapon ever created by a man played a crucial role in crushing the Japanese morale and battle spirit. At the end of World War II, the Japanese society was heavily militarized and fanatically devoted to serving Emperor Hirohito, who was viewed as a living god by his subjects.Therefore, the entire country of Japan lived by the warrior code of bushido, ready to fight for the defense of their mainland. Despite this fatalistic readiness for a final fight, the Japanese were not ready for experiencing the terror of nuclear warfare. The tragic events at Hiroshima and Nagasaki forced the Japanese nation to abandon their will to fight to death, causing the Japanese government to agree with the American terms of surrender. Second of all, I believe that the bombings actually helped save tens of housands of lives from both sides of the conflict by helping the US military to bypass the need for a massive invasion of the Japanese mainland. Before the completion of the Manhattan Project, the military planned to mount an invasion from the newly-captured islands of Iwo Jima and Okinawa. Considering the scale of the defensive preparations conducted by the Japanese government leads to me to believe that a conventional invasion of Japan would result in a massive number of American casualties. The operation of this magnitude would also be extremely harmful for the civilian population of Japan.These reasons make me believe that the unfortunate eradication of the two Japanese cities was a lesser evil. Finally the atomic bombings provided the United States with an opportunity to establish its position as a new superpower, demonstrating its military might to the prospective rival superpower of the USS R. Even though demonstrating the capabilities of a weapon of such destructive power on the civilian population is definitely immoral, it was the best way to showcase the atomic bomb, which eventually became an important asset in keeping the Soviet aggression in check.By using nuclear weapons in combat, the US managed to get an upper hand in an early arms race with the Soviet Union and maintain that position until the testing of the first Soviet nuclear bomb in 1949. In conclusion, I would like to say that, even though the bombing raids on Hiroshima and Nagasaki resulted in tens of thousands of civilian deaths, they were instrumental in overcoming the stubborn resistance of the Japanese government, bringing the war to an end, and saving a far greater number of lives in other Japanese cities. Beyond all doubt, these events are tragic, but they should not be perceived as a horrible and unnecessary atrocity.

Magnificent play Essay

Language is extremely powerful in ‘The Crucible’. Miller’s words are used effectively and do not include anything unnecessary to convey the idea. For instance, ‘She thinks to dance with me on my wife’s grave. And well she might, for I thought of her softly. God help me, I lusted, and there is a promise in such sweat. But it is a whore’s vengeance and you must see it, I set myself entirely in your hands. ‘ This quote consists of simple speech and tells a straightforward message. Proctor knows his mistake and regrets it, but he also knows he must reveal it to the court in order to stop the trials. Another example of a powerful quote is ‘A person is either with this court or he must be counted against it, there be no road between. ‘ This quote is very effective in a way Danforth is telling everyone their fate. He is saying those against the court are evil and will suffer the consequences for it, presumably death. he tells everyone in favour of the witch trials that they are victorious and have nothing to worry about if they carry on as they are doing. The theme of this play I believe is a very interesting one. In my opinion ‘The Crucible’ is about rising over adversity, standing for the truth even to the death. there are many examples in the play to support my opinion. John in the beginning wanted to keep distant from the trials, he didn’t want to have a part whether good or bad, but when Elizabeth was arrested he was forced to take part. Throughout the trial, he stood for the truth. He confessed to his affair and was forgiven for his sin. He died a hero learning what truth really meant through his sufferings and struggles. there is also a great deal of hysteria in this play. The village’s people were easily manipulated by Abigail’s lies and came to quick poorly judged conclusions, which lead to killing a great many innocent people. Act 3 is very strong most of the main things are revealed such as the court’s verdict, who is right and who is wrong, who will win and who will die. It is an extremely gripping part of the play, telling how Proctor was so close to victory (through his confession and Mary Warren) yet he still defeated by the envy of Abigail, or rather the loyalty of Elizabeth and the fearful Mary warren. He knows he will die but he also knows he has a chance of stopping this fate yet because of his decency Proctor decides he would rather face death than bring trouble upon his friends and everlasting shame upon his family. I also noticed that in act 3 the three main sides are shown clearly. The power hungry stand together, those full of jealousy, greed, hate and lust join and those who are willing to sacrifice themselves for the truth unite. The people in this play may have had different motives for accusing other people, and practically sentencing them to death, but the outcome of all accusations was more or less the same. Innocent people died and there was more than one person to lay the blame on. In almost every conflict, there is someone or some people to hold responsible. In this case, it was Abigail for her manipulative nature, the Putnam’s for their greed, Mary Warren for being weak-willed and Rev. Parris for craving power. It makes one wonder how such a diminutive act of young girls could lead to such destruction of a community. How could innocent people be sentenced to death simply because some girls were playing and dancing? This is the power of religion and the annihilation it can cause if people refuse to tolerate any other explanation and follow it blindly. ‘The Crucible’ is a magnificent play, superbly written conveying one simple message. It is better stand for the truth and sacrifice yourself than to live with a lie. It reminds us that man is not perfect, and that we can make mistakes. However, even with these mistakes, we can cleanse ourselves and purify ourselves by making what is wrong right.

English as a global language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

English as a global language - Essay Example English is often regarded as a global language following the colonial era that saw British explorers establish dominion over early civilization to instill their cultural practices including language. Analysts explore English as a global language to provide different opinions on its future based on demographics and existing trends. Why a global language English as a global language has been depicted in most newspapers and magazines following the rich history of the world that dates back to the colonial period. Such statements were prominently displayed following the retreat of the British Empire in Asia where English would gain millage across the globe; as a result, English is seen as symbol for cultural diversity, identity, and globalization. Print and broadcast media seeking to establish the extent of English proliferation attract a worldwide audience as many gain interest to the phenomenon; consequently, such institutions have seen significant growth in terms of popularity over the years. The proliferation is evidenced by the use of English in advertisements and restaurant menus in foreign cities regardless of their native language. Most people casually acknowledge English as a global language owing to its use by influential politicians across the world. Furthermore, news in the English language demand audience in many countries as it is seen to bear a global appeal. However, this does not mean that everyone in the world is well acquainted with English since most countries their native dialects as the official language. This creates mixed feelings among individuals who have English as their mother tongue and those who are not native speakers (Crystal 2). Native speakers bear pride at the success story that is their language, but are highly sensitive when others fail to command effective use. In contrast, non-native speakers appear highly motivated to master the language, which they perceive as a milestone and are proud of the achievement. However, most feel d isadvantaged over the native speakers, as they have participated in making English a success over their native language. As such, anger, envy, and resentment are a common feature among English learners. A global language is described as one that establishes a unique and recognized role in participating countries. English surpasses these expectations, as a large number of people are fluent in the common dialect as opposed to other languages. In order to achieve a global status, a language must be the official language in a country and adopted a vast majority. In addition, the language can be prioritized in teaching institutions. There are various reasons behind the preference of a foreign language for global communication such as political expediency, historical tradition, cultural, and commercial interactions (Crystal 5). What global language English as a language has managed to claim, in a way, a global status where the media applies the language regardless of the geographical loca tion of their audience. The language is widely accepted to the extent that the Pope addressed the masses in English during his visit to the Middle East. This acceptance is significant among foreign groups who carry out their dealings with English as their official language. Such is evidenced by in the ASEAN, which is an Asian trade group as well as the de facto adoption of English by German research scientists (Wallraff 1). However, in spite of the enormous acceptance, English comes second after Chinese as the most spoken language in the world. In the United States, the Bureau of Census indicates that the number of people who speak a different language other than English has increased. For instance, California has a great number of Spanish

The Reliability of Structures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

The Reliability of Structures - Essay Example Natural structures are those that are not built by people. Their occurrence takes place naturally. On the other hand ‘manufactured structures’ are usually built by people. Many of the manufactured structures are modelled in accordance to some natural structures. Structures when are classified on the basis of their design, categories like ‘mass structures’, ‘layered’, ‘frame structures’, ‘shell structures’ etc. are found. Mass structures are built by piling up similar materials to reach a specific design or shape. Coral reefs and mountains are some of the examples of natural mass structures. On the other side dams, brick walls and sand castles are mass structures that are built by people. A major advantage of mass structures is that their strengths are little affected if some small parts are lost. Mass structures are often found to be having a ‘layered’ look. For instance, pyramids of Egypt are having a layered structure. There are four major factors that are important in order to avoid failure. First of all the structure has to be heavy enough so that it stays in place. Secondly structure must not be so heavy that it affects the earth unevenly. Thirdly the structure has to be thick enough so that one cannot make out of place and finally it must be anchored tightly. Another important type of structure is ‘frame structure’. In case of this structure there is a skeleton which is built of strong materials. This skeleton is then filled with other materials that support the overall structure. Some of the examples are partition walls, load-bearing walls. Shell structures, on the other hand are the structures in which the shape of the structure is kept without any frame or even solid materials inside the structure. The strength and rigidity of this type of structure is dependent on a thin outer layer of materials. Thanks to its

Death penalty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Death penalty - Research Paper Example In some communities, however, the death penalty among its members was shunned because of the fact that it was forbidden to spill the blood of fellow community members. In such cases, this sentence was often reserved for times of conflict with neighboring communities where captured individuals, especially leaders, were sentenced to death. The continued use of the death penalty to punish a diverse number of crimes in the modern world has come to receive praise and condemnation in equal measure. Those, who advocate for it, argue that it serves as a deterrent to crime, since those who are given the death penalty serve as an example to would-be criminals (Fagan, 2006). Furthermore, they state that there are those individuals, such as murderers, who if sentenced to death, would be good riddance from society. This is because of the fact that they will have been removed from society on a permanent basis, thus ensuring that they are kept from repeating the same crimes that they have committed . They further argue that the death penalty is a just punishment for those individuals who commit such heinous crimes as child murder and serial killing, because these are human beings without a conscience who must be completely removed from society. In addition, they state that the death penalty is completely justified especially when applied to cases where individuals are serial murderers or have committed mass killings; acts which are unforgivable in most human societies in the world (Vollum et al, 2004). It is argued that sentencing such people to death is a means of showing the members of society that such acts cannot be tolerated and that if they are committed, then the lives of the offenders would be forfeit. There are some among those who support the use of the death penalty, who have gone as far as to state that not applying it on people who have committed such crimes as murder and genocide is a miscarriage of justice (Davis, 2002). For them, those who call for the abolitio n of the death penalty are not living in a realistic world, because its abolition is likely to increase the occurrence of terrible crimes in human societies. Furthermore, it is stated that the punishment of a crime must be painful in proportion of the crime committed and this is used to justify the death penalty since leaving murderers alive would be unfair to the families of their victims. The opponents of the death penalty, on the other hand, argue that its application in all manner of cases is a violation of the human rights of the individuals who have committed crimes. They argue that not all of those who are sentenced have a desire to commit murder and that in fact, there are many who only commit murder in self-defense since to do otherwise would have meant their own deaths (Rogoff, 2008). Another argument that they give is that the application of the death penalty is discriminative since most of those people who are sentenced tend to come from minority groups which do not have the resources to get the best representation in the courts (Lynch and Haney, 2000). They state that the use of the death penalty is an act of violence and that its continued use encourages the propagation of a culture of violence within the human society.

John McCain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

John McCain - Essay Example Citizens traditionally invest their trust in leaders whom they perceive representing society's ethical principles. Without ethos, leaders have little chance of uniting society for the advancement of their causes. The ideal leader is able to persuade his constituents with both logically and emotionally appealing arguments. For this reason, logos and pathos are critical components of a successful leader's character. While good leaders might excel in either ethos, pathos or logos, truly great leaders incorporate all of these aspects into their characters. Both Pericles and John McCain are able to do this by continuously seeking to mitigate their shortcomings while developing their attributes. Both are known for having lived their lives according to the principles they espouse, giving them much credibility. McCain displays superior ethos when referring to the war in Iraq because he has the military experience to back up his words. While other candidates may pay lip service to the same matters, McCain has an educated opinion derived from twenty-two years in the military. McCain, like Pericles, displays his superior ethics through both his convictions and his actions. Pericles firmly believed that rights and privileges entail responsibilities and obligations. McCain draws similar conclusions, championing individual responsibility at all levels. "For all the grandiose promises made in this campaign, has any candidate spoken honestly to the American people about the government's role and failings about individual responsibilities" he said. (McCain on CNN, 2007) McCain believes that the government has a responsibility to the people, but in turn the people have a duty to participate in the politics and defense of their country. As McCain said during a 1958 speech at the U.S. Naval Academy, "If you find faults with our country, make it a better one. If you are disappointed with the mistakes of government, join its ranks and work to correct them." Indeed, political participation and service to state and society are the responsibility and obligation of every American citizen (Dinan, 2008). Pericles was known throughout the ancient Greek city-states for the emotional strength of his arguments. Pericles motivated the Athenians during the Peloponnesian War in a similar way to how McCain inspires Americans during the troubled times of today. McCain realizes that logical arguments based upon facts, figures and reasons are not enough to move society. Thus, he makes extensive use of emotionally appealing arguments, demonstrating his impeccable pathos. While advocating the benefits of national service programs, McCain keeps data out of the picture. Rather, he utilizes sentimental yet strong verbiage to illustrate his points, such as "those who claim their liberty but not their duty to the civilization that ensures it live a half-life, indulging their self-interest at the cost of their self-respect. Sacrifice for a cause greater than self-interest, however, and you invest your life with the eminence of that cause (McCain, 2001)." I look to a great leader for inspiration and motivation. This great leader must necessarily match Pericles' embodiment of ethos, logos and pathos. McCain's ethical convictions and credibility; logical and reasoning ability; and emotionally appealing arguments, make him a modern day Pericles and I admire him for

Proposal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Proposal - Assignment Example SpeakEasy ® technology is published in several professional journals. We have improved performance for over 100 companies through our workshops. This technology will work for you. Each day begins at 9 AM and ends 3:30 PM. Workshop attendance is limited to 6-12 participants for individualized instruction. Attendees are encouraged to bring laptops and PowerPoint software. Attendees will receive the videotape, a workbook and a certificate of completion. SpeakEasy ® offers mentorship and consulting by email or telephone for six months after attending a workshop. Discounts are available for future workshops. Just like the food business, we cherish repeat customers. Your people deserve the very best training; in a family business, 70 years and three generations is amazing; they are your most precious asset. We will call you this week to set a time to schedule a workshop at your convenience; and weekends are

Summery Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Summery - Assignment Example As identified, external communication is concerned with dispersing information about the company to the rest of the stakeholders (Anderson, 2015). Frequently used forms of external communication include; newsletters, press releases, direct mails and financial records. Public relation forms the baseline of a company’s successful interaction with the immediate environment. Communication only configures and modifies the corporation’s outlook to the community, customers, and possible investors. External communication synergizes public relation, strengthening the company and its relations. Both technology and external communication go hand in hand in influencing commercial activities (Evans, 2010). Modern technology has altered the look of external communication, as the internet has become the means of communication. Technology has both positive and negative effects on communication. External communication faces a challenge of tainting the image of an organization. Those in charge of external communication must bear in mind their audience and companies outlook. Street, C. T., & Cameron, A. F. (2007). External relationships and the small business: A review of small business alliance and network research. Journal of Small Business Management.

Network Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Network Design - Essay Example The result is a decrease in production and could lead to data getting lost. The strained technical team may be forced to cut out some features in the firewall to ensure that the throughput is optimum. The latter puts the organization at a risk of attack by malicious persons. Specification of individuals involved in implementing the security of the network. How well trained are the administrators trained regarding security? The manner in which the managers and users will become partisan to the objective is critical (Seigneur & Slagell, 2010). It also involves how the procedures followed to ensure that they are trained regarding security policies and what to follow. A security plan, therefore, requires the support of the entire team working in an organization. How to get the management team, the technical group and end users is a significant challenge for an organization to achieve its aims regarding security. There is also a tradeoff in ensuring that the security is. The following is vital with the changing risks now and again. Thus, an organization requires coming up with alerts, carry out frequent testing, offering training to the administrators and improving on their policy plan. Administrators may be through this process of constant testing, monitoring, changing of plans and making the security system better. They may need compensation that the organization may not consider as vital thus compromising the entire

Research paper on William Hartnell and Tiburcio Vasquez

On William Hartnell and Tiburcio Vasquez - Research Paper Example As a student he was known for his fluency in English and Spanish. Life was good until he started seeking company stronger than himself. It is embedded in the psychology of a human mind to seek out friendships stronger than him. That’s when he found Anastacio Garcia, who happened to be the most notorious group of bandits known to California at the time. (Boessenecker, 68) Tiburcio Vasquez was an audience and sometimes the participant to various notable slayings. Whether he was involved or not is a moot topic for discussion. Some people believe that he chose exile over imprisonment and punishment while other are of the view that he did it for the best interest of his country. According to his supporters he took part in those violent actions against North Americans who threatened the safety of Mexican Americans. His partnership with Garcia ended after the bandit was killed in the person. That’s when he took to the road, kept moving from place to place but fate could be outrun only for so long. He ended up in the prison only to break out of it in a rogue manner that took the lives of many of his fellow prisoners. For some time he led the life of a normal innocent man but later his addiction to crime revealed itself in the most horrific manner there could be. He took recourse to theft, heinous murder, rape and many other crimes for which he soon smelled the prison air yet again. Wherever there were bodies with hands tied behind their backs and face down, was a site visited by Vasquez. Human beings are astonishing creatures some are mad optimists while others are suicidal pessimists. Some people mostly Mexican Americans emulated him. They thought he was a blessing in disguise that had the brevity to stand up against North American penetration. As a student he was brilliant and had inherited a fair share of property which meant there was no real need for theft and other crimes he was charged for. They also believe

Physical Therapy Essay Example for Free

Physical Therapy Essay The major that I will be going into in the next four years is Physical Therapy. Physical Therapy is basically a health care profession, that provides therapy for those who have been injured, have a physical disability or for those who are experiencing minor pains in their body. I chose to get into Physical Therapy for many different reasons. I first thought of being a Physical Therapist when I realized that I was a hands on type of person, meaning that I like to work while being active. I then discovered that a lot of Physical Therapists work for college and professional sport teams and that to me was very exciting considering I want to play in the NFL one day. For the past year I have been interested in becoming a Physical Therapist. Everyone that I have talked to about my decision on choosing this field has been very supportive and has said that it is perfect for me. There are many different courses you must take to become a Physical Therapist such as, Biology, health sciences, kinesiology and ATC. Hearing from past students that were involved in the Physical Therapy field, they have told me that it takes a lot of hard work to really advance in the field. A major assignment when you’re entering the Physical Therapy field is learning the human body and a project that involves learning the human body is having to observe a diseased body. This project will benefit me in the field because it gives me a broad look on the way the human body is and looks inside. Being that you have to know the muscular system and the skeletal system, observing a body will let you take a deeper look into how the body looks and will teach you everything you need to know when you’re working with a live person. Being a Physical Therapist has really advanced throughout the years and therapists have now been considered doctors. Being a doctor is a very difficult thing to do, having to get your masters and then your working for your doctorates degree requires a lot of time and a lot of work. Being a Physical Therapist depending on how sophisticated you get, can bring in a lot of money. Also it can open up a lot of job opportunities. Whether you choose to work for a team or work for an office, you can eventually open up your own business with the right level of education. Another positive thing about Being a Physical Therapist is that you know how to treat injured people, so god forbid someone in your family gets injured you can treat them without orrying about some other person making things worse. A negative part about being in this field is that it will take up a lot of your time either at school or when you’re actually working. If you’re getting involved with a professional team then you also have to consider the traveling part of the business, going from state to state every week during the season. Also it will require a lot of money to go far into your major. College will give me the resources and the knowledge that I need to know in order to do well with patients. You must have a masters or doctorate degree to become a physical therapist. A recent study has shown that about there was about 199,000 jobs in the US for being a Physical Therapist. Athletic Training is a career that is very similar to Physical Therapy and both degrees can be used for each other. The average Physical Therapist gets paid about 78,000 dollars a year.

Terrorism Is Violence Problem Criminology Essay

Terrorism Is Violence Problem Criminology Essay Terrorism means use of force and threats against a person, groups or governments for political or other purposes. Terrorism is not a modern activity; hundred of years ago societies were not as organized as they are today with modern facilities of roads, telephones, and regular police force and so on. Then head of strong groups of people, robbers warriors made use of force and threats to life and property to get their aims. Now terrorism itself is quite an organized activity. There are terrorist organizations or societies which train terrorist for their purposes. Sometimes these organizations are supported by foreign governments and huge funds and modern weapons are easily provided to them. A regular terrorist organization usually works against the government. It tries to demolish key government buildings offices and public places like railway stations and airports with bomb and destructive weapons. It kills people and destroys property in crowed places like market centers, bus stands and railway stations. This set the people against the government and causes public demonstrations. The bomb blast and the resulting deaths and destruction in different parts of our country is an example of such terrorism. A terrorist organization operating in a country usually gets money and weapons from local as well as foreign countries. It also joins hands with forceful groups or parties opposed to the government inside the country. Nations or big countries with in a country use terrorist methods to gain greater freedom or independence. Thus the skills in India have been committing acts of terrorism to achieve self-rules in the Punjab. The Irish people in north Ireland have been terrorizing the British government to force it to grant them independence. There are internal or international terrorists who actively hijack planes or kidnap important or rich persons. They demand huge amount of money for the release of prisoners or some political concessions for the return of the airplanes, passengers or kidnapped persons kidnapping have been quite common in our country. Terrorism needs to be checked very carefully and the government should force all the people illegally present in the country to leave. It should force the refugees to remain in their camps all the time. It should make arrangements to step the illegal flow of arms and money into the country from abroad. It should have really effective secret service which can report all kinds of terrorist plans. Other steps for checking terrorism take the use of the police or the army on a large scale can be discussed in newspapers, on the radio and TV and in the elected assemblies. According to Globally Accepted Definition of Terrorism: Acts committed with the aim of seriously intimidating a population, forcing a government or international organization to abstain from performing any act, or seriously destabilizing or destroying the fundamental political, constitutional, economic or social structures of country or an international organization. In the 21st century, terrorism went through many big changes or great change because of modernization new technologies. Todays world terrorism exists with many different causes purposes. Terrorism is used to create conflicts between different peoples, groups, countries sometimes it is used in religious disagreements. In the 21st century, terrorism becomes more deadly than previous centuries. Todays terrorists use many new techniques such as suicidal attacks, remote control bombs, automatic pistols rifles, rocket launchers etc. these can result thousands of innocent peoples being killed or injured. In Pakistan everyday people were dying because of no reason that is the reason of fear, scare which are include in everyones mind. Many peoples said about terrorism that is: According to Thomas Hobbes, who in 1651 described human life in the following Words: No arts; no letters; no society; and which is the worst of all, continual fear and danger of violent death, and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short According to Malik (2001: 88), Attempts to incorporate all the many manifestations of terrorism within a single definition were doomed from the start. The term terrorism has been applied across the whole spectrum of political violence, and over the centuries of history. It has been applied to times of war and of peace; to the actions of states, groups and individuals; to actions against liberal states and to actions against repressive states and dictatorships Some articles which are related to terrorism are: According to Friedland and Merari (1998: 591), Political terrorism is a sophisticated form of psychological warfare which aims to accomplish political ends by bearing on individuals emotions and attitudes. This article presents the results of a public opinion survey, conducted on an Israeli national sample, which was designed to evaluate the psychological impacts of terroristic activity and the basic assumptions that guide it. The results indicate that terrorism is highly effective in inducing fear and worry, even when the actual damage it causes is moderate. However, terrorism appears to have failed to produce the attitudinal change desired by its perpetrators, the high levels of fear notwithstanding. On the contrary, terrorism caused a hardening of attitudes, strong opposition to any form of political reconciliation with terrorists, and widespread support for extreme counterterrorist measures. Terrorism, in other words, proved to be counterproductive. These results provided a basis for an extensive analysis of the conditions that turn terrorism into a potentially effective tool of political influence, and those in which it is likely to fail According to Berholz (2006: 221), Terrorism is becoming a weapon of ever increasing importance to reach certain ends, given the potential of mass destruction available to leading international powers and the rise of one superpower dominating the international system. In most cases terrorism is driven by an ideology comprising a world view with supreme values. Since these values are absolutely true to believers, they have to be preferred to everything, so that terrorists are required to sacrifice not only the lives of others but also their own. It is therefore difficult to prevent this kind of terrorism. But the threatening damages can be mitigated by economic, technological and political decentralization. In the long run, it is even more important to win the spiritual fight. This can be done by starting from the fact that believers in ideologies whose supreme values are conflicting, can only live together peacefully, if they accept that each individual has the right to choose his or her own belief. A corresponding education has to prevent fundamentalist instruction and to inculcate the basic rules of a free society According to Crain and Crain (2006: 317), In this paper we estimate the macroeconomic consequences of terrorism using panel data for 147 countries for the period 1968-2002. The results reveal that the potential gains to a country from reducing terrorism are quite large, although the specific estimates depend on a countrys population, base level of output, and investment. We present estimates of the impact of terrorism on GDP, GDP growth, investment, consumer spending, and tourism. These estimates of the marginal impact of terrorism provide a threshold against which a countrys expenditures on anti-terrorism can be weighed According to Victoroff (2005: 3), This article reviews the state of the art of available theories and data regarding the psychology of terrorism. Data and theoretical material were gathered from the worlds unclassified literature. Multiple theories and some demographic data have been published, but very few controlled empirical studies have been conducted investigating the psychological bases of terrorism. The field is largely characterized by theoretical speculation based on subjective interpretation of anecdotal observations. Moreover, most studies and theories fail to take into account the great heterogeneity of terrorists. Many practical, conceptual, and psychological barriers have slowed progress in this important field. Nonetheless, even at this early stage of terrorism studies, preliminary reports suggest that modifiable social and psychological factors contribute to the genesis of the terrorist mind-set. Psychological scholarship could possibly mitigate the risk of catastroph ic attack by initiating the long overdue scientific study of terrorist mentalities According to Coady (2004: 37), There are different kinds of terrorism as there are of war. It is unpersuasive to make the deliberate targeting of civilians a defining feature of terrorism, and states as well as non-state groups can engage in terrorism. In a democracy, voters responsible for a governments unjustifiable policies are not necessarily innocent, while conscripts are legitimate targets. Rather than being uniquely atrocious, terrorism most resembles small war. It is not always or necessarily more morally unjustifiable than war. All war should be avoided, but some war is more unjustifiable than other war. Comparable judgments should be made about terrorism. It is appropriate to compare civilians killed by those seeking political change and those using violence to prevent such change. Sometimes the debate should focus on the justifiability or lack of it of the aims sought. While violence should always be used as little as possible, those in power are responsible for making oth er means than violence effective in achieving justifiable political change. When considering the likely causes of violence, one that has received inadequate attention is humiliation. Humiliation is not the same as shame. Causing humiliation can and should be avoided